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From Displacement to Educational Mobility: Maternal Agency, Aid, and the Long Arc of One Afghan Refugee Family’s Transformation in Pakistan

Aneta Ismail, Muhammad Aqib, Muhammad Arif

Cultural Conflict and Integration · 1–15 · 10.55121/cci.v3i2.102419

This article examines how displacement, maternal agency, and educational opportunity interacted over time in the life course of one Afghan refugee family that resettled in Pakistan during the 1980s. The study asks how a widowed mother and her children navigated exile, gendered constraints, and uneven aid structures to convert sc