Neuroarchitecture and Mental Health: The Role of Sustainable Building Materials in Cognitive and Emotional Well-Being

Growing interest in sustainable architecture has highlighted not only ecological benefits but also potential impacts on mental and neurological health. This review explores the emerging field of neuroarchitecture, focusing on how environmentally friendly building materials influence cognitive function, stress regulation, and emotional well-being. A narrative review was conducted across interdisciplinary literature in neuroscience, environmental psychology, biophilic design, and sustainable architecture. The review analyzed peer-reviewed studies on eco-friendly materials—including wood, bamboo, cork, and stone—and their influence on neurological biomarkers, sensory engagement, and psychological health. Preliminary evidence suggests that exposure to natural, non-toxic materials is associated with reduced stress markers (e.g., lower cortisol), improved mood, and enhanced cognitive clarity. Some studies indicate potential links to increased neuroplasticity, greater hippocampal activity, and reduced neuroinflammation; however, these findings are largely derived from animal models or short-term human studies. Materials such as untreated wood and cork provide multisensory stimuli (visual, tactile, olfactory) that may activate brain regions involved in emotional regulation and attention. Sustainable materials may offer neuropsychological benefits that extend beyond aesthetics and environmental responsibility. While early evidence is promising, more longitudinal and mechanistic research is needed to confirm their impact on mental health. Integrating biophilic principles with evidence-informed material selection could transform how architects and designers support well-being through the built environment.