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Integrating 5PL Frameworks with Drone-Based Last-Mile Delivery: A Model for Future-Ready Logistics

Tejinder Singh Lakhwani

Transportation Development Research · 27-45 · 10.55121/tdr.v3i1.449

The rapid evolution of logistics service providers from 1PL to 5PL has underscored the growing need for intelligent, data-driven orchestration across the supply chain. Simultaneously, drone-based delivery has emerged as a promising solution to last-mile challenges, particularly in urban congestion zones and infrastructure-defici