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Insights Gained from Weather Extremes and Health Crises in Strengthening Mass Transit Durability

Anshul Jain, Hridayesh Varma

Transportation Development Research · 90-108 · 10.55121/tdr.v4i1.1072

Mobility networks worldwide face escalating challenges from climate-induced environmental shifts and major disruptions such as the global COVID-19 pandemic. This scoping review investigates the resilience of public transport systems through a structured 4R framework—robustness (strength), redundancy (alternatives), resourcefulne