Synergistic Effects of Compound Probiotics (Bacillus + Lactobacillus) and Plant-Derived Extract (CPE) on Growth Performance and Disease Resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

This study explored the synergistic effects of compound probiotics (CPB: Bacillus subtilis BS-1 + Lactobacillus plantarum LP-2, 2:1) and plant-derived extract (CPE: tea polyphenols + oregano oil, 3:1) on Litopenaeus vannamei. A 12-week experiment (six groups: Control, 0.2% CPB, 0.3% CPE, 0.2%CPB+0.2%CPE, 0.2%CPB+0.3%CPE, 0.02% oxytetracycline (AB); 250 shrimp/tank, initial weight 0.92±0.08 g) was followed by a 7-day Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge (1×10⁷ CFU/mL). The 0.2%CPB+0.3%CPE group performed best: weight gain rate (456.8±26.3%) was 62.3% higher than Control, and superior to CPB, CPE, and AB groups (P<0.05). It increased gut villus height by 54.2%, reduced gut Vibrio by 70.2%, and enhanced total hemocyte count (+63.0%), lysozyme (+85.2%), and SOD (+58.6%) vs Control. Challenge survival rate (85.3±3.5%) was 2.5-fold higher than Control and 25.4% higher than AB (P<0.05). High-throughput sequencing showed enriched beneficial gut bacteria and upregulated immune pathways. Results confirm the strong synergism of 0.2%CPB+0.3%CPE as an efficient green strategy for sustainable shrimp culture.

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