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3 articles

Review

Open AccessPublished: 13 December 2025

Therapeutic Effects of Natural Products in Diabetic Retinopathy through Aldose Reductase Inhibition

Deokho Lee, Livio Vitiello

Food and Drug Safety · 42-50 · 10.55121/fds.v3i1.846

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most dangerous and cruel microvascular complications of diabetes, leading to visual impairment and blindness if left untreated. The development of DR is determined by complex multiple pathologic mechanisms, including oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, retinal vascular dysfunction, and

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Review

Open AccessPublished: 5 December 2025

Ecotoxicity of Petrogenic Plastic Particles in Fish: Implication for Human Health and Environmental Risk Assessment

Bwala Mathias Nzitiri, Gaya Abalis Ezra, Nayaya Ahmad Jibrin, Buba Toma

Food and Drug Safety · 1-16 · 10.55121/fds.v3i1.700

Petrogenic plastics might fragment within the ecosystems into progressively smaller fragments classified by size as “macroplastics”, “mesoplastics”, “microplastics”, and “nanoplastics”. Petrogenic micro and nano plastics (MNPs) are ubiquitous in the ecosystems and form as a result of the ageing or the action of prevailing bio-en

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Article

Open AccessPublished: 9 July 2025

Artemisia annua: Illuminating the Spectrum of Pharmacological Wonders

Vasanthkumar Sankar Sangeetha, Yazhini Saravanakumar Padmavathi

Food and Drug Safety · 40-53 · 10.55121/fds.v2i1.421

Artemisia annua L., commonly called sweet wormwood, is famous for its therapeutic benefits gained from artemisinin and its rich phytochemicals. This review investigates flavonoids, such as quercetin, phenolic acids such as caffeic acid, monoterpenes like camphor, sesquiterpenes, coumarins, and essential oils, which support its r

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