Abstract

Socio-cultural practices continue to significantly influence girls' learning experiences, often shaping their academic performance in both positive and negative ways. Traditional practices, language challenges, and social interaction dynamics play a key role in the educational outcomes of female students. This study investigates the impact of socio-cultural practices on girls' learning experiences, focusing on factors such as motivation, encouragement, socialization, self-disclosure, feedback, and positive criticism. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining both qualitative and quantitative research designs. The quantitative phase involved collecting data through a five-point Likert scale to assess students' academic performance, followed by qualitative data collection using interviews to explore the deeper influences of socio-cultural practices. The study utilized a cross-sectional design, collecting data from a sample of 236 students, 86 teachers, 6 school heads, and 24 parents from public secondary schools in Kisarawe district. The findings indicate that socio-cultural factors such as motivation, encouragement, and socialization significantly affect girls' academic success. Additionally, the study highlights the role of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) in fostering collaborative learning environments. These results suggest that educational policies should consider the socio-cultural context in which girls learn, promoting supportive interactions and addressing cultural barriers to enhance their academic performance.

Keywords

References

  1. [1]Heidenstrøm, N., 2022. The utility of social practice theory in risk research. Journal of Risk Research. 25(2), 236–251. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2021.1936608
  2. [2]Vygotsky, L.S., 1978. Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA, USA.
  3. [3]Bayar, A., Karaduman, H.A., 2021. The impact of school culture on student academic achievement. Shanlax International Journal of Education. 9(3), 99–109.
  4. [4]Pozo-Burgos, E.J., Burbano Pulles, M.R., Vidal Chica, J.I., et al., 2022. Sociocultural and demographic factors that influence academic performance: The pre-university case of the Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi. Journal of Technology and Science Education. 12(1), 147–156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.1359
  5. [5]Hunter-Johnson, Y., 2022. A Leap of Academic Faith and Resilience: Nontraditional International Students Pursuing Higher Education in the United States. 12(2), 283–301. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v12i2.1986
  6. [6]Akitonye, H., Saliu, J., 2020. Impact of Socio-cultural factors on Senior Secondary School Students’ Academic Achievement in Physics. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI). 7(8), 129–134. Available from: https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrsi/digital-library/volume-7-issue-8/129-134.pdf
  7. [7]Liu, L., Saeed, M.A., Abdelrasheed, N.S.G., et al., 2022. Perspectives of EFL learners and teachers on self-efficacy and academic achievement: The role of gender, culture and learning environment. Frontiers in Psychology. 13, 996736. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.996736
  8. [8]Njuguna, N.R., 2021. The Socio-cultural Factors that Influence Academic Performance of Public Primary Schools in Murang'a South Sub County, Kenya. Journal of Education. 4(6), 28–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t3015
  9. [9]Amiri, E., El Karfa, A., 2021. The Impact of Learning Environment on EFL Students' Academic Achievement: A Study of Socio-Cultural Factors Affecting Academic Achievement. Arab World English Journal. 12(4), 387–400. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol12no4.25
  10. [10]Mgalula, J.K., 2017. Socio-cultural factors affecting Academic Performance of girls in Public Secondary Schools in Nzega District, Tanzania [Master’s Thesis]. The Open University of Tanzania: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Available from: http://repository.out.ac.tz/2166/
  11. [11]Moroni, S., Mtilu, B.M., 2024. Influence of Social Cultural Factors on Academic Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Tana River County. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies. 50(4), 16–28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i41307
  12. [12]Kuluchumila, R.C., Philip, E.M., Ntazoya, E., 2016. The Preparation and Development of Secondary School Leaders on Implementing the Big Results Now Programme in Tabora Municipality, Tanzania. Journal of Education and Practice. 7(18), 154–168. Available from: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1105906&utm
  13. [13]Odanga, S.J., 2018. Influence of Socio-Cultural Factors on Performance in Examinations in Kenya. Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences. 7(1), 1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/ARJASS/2018/41051
  14. [14]Khamsini, S.J., 2010. Socio-Economic Factors Influencing Primary School Education Attainment in Kisarawe District [Master's Thesis]. Sokoine University of Agriculture: Morogoro, Tanzania.
  15. [15]Gredler, M.E., 2008. Learning and Instruction: Theory into Practice, 6th ed. Pearson Education: Boston, MA, USA.
  16. [16]Bertalanffy, L.V., 1968. General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications. George Braziller: New York, NY, USA.
  17. [17]Ogawa, R.T., 2015. Change of mind: How organization theory led me to move from studying educational reform to pursuing educational design. Journal of Educational Administration. 53(6), 794–804. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-06-2014-0064
  18. [18]McLeod, S., 2025. Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Available from: https://www.simplypsychology.org/vygotsky.html (cited 2 December 2025).
  19. [19]Dahms, M., Geonnotti, K., Passalacqua, D., et al., 2007. The educational theory of Lev Vygotsky: An analysis. Available from: https://studylib.net/doc/5854258/the-educational-theory-of-lev-vygotsky--an-analysis?p=3 (cited 2 December 2025).
  20. [20]Smagorinsky, P., 2018. Deconflating the ZPD and instructional scaffolding: Retranslating and reconceiving the zone of proximal development as the zone of next development. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction. 16, 70–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2017.10.009
  21. [21]Polit, D.F., Beck, C.T., 2011. Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice, 9th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  22. [22]Turner, J.H., 2014. Theoretical Sociology: A Concise Introduction to Twelve Sociological Theories. SAGE Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
  23. [23]Ratcliff, N.J., Hunt, G.H., 2009. Building teacher-family partnerships: The role of parental involvement. Education 3–13. 129, 495–505.
  24. [24]Lafon, M., 2009. The Impact of Language on Educational Access in South Africa. Centre for International Education, Sussex School of Education, University of Sussex: Brighton, UK. Available from: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00451832/document
  25. [25]Miller, P.H., 2009. Theories of Developmental Psychology, 5th ed. Worth Publishers: New York, NY, USA.
  26. [26]Hurst, B., Wallace, R., Nixon, S.B., 2013. The impact of social interaction on student learning. Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts. 52(4), 375–398. Available from: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/reading_horizons/vol52/iss4/5?utm_source=scholarworks.wmich.edu%2Freading_horizons%2Fvol52%2Fiss4%2F5&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
  27. [27]Wentzel, K.R., 2017. Peer relationships, motivation, and academic performance at school. In: Elliot, A.J., Dweck, C.S., Yeager, D.S. (Eds.). Handbook of Competence and Motivation: Theory and Application, 2nd ed. Guilford Press: New York, NY, USA. pp. 586–603.
  28. [28]Ryan, A.M., 2001. The peer group as a context for the development of young adolescent motivation and achievement. Child Development. 72(4), 1135–1150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00338
  29. [29]Juvonen, J., Espinoza, G., Knifsend, C., 2012. The role of peer relationships in student academic and extracurricular engagement. In: Christenson, S.L., Reschly, A.L., Wylie, C. (Eds.). Handbook of Research on Student Engagement. Springer: New York, NY, USA.
  30. [30]Eriksen, E.V., Vestad, L., Bru, E., et al., 2024. Social competencies, classroom relationships, and academic engagement: A latent change score modeling approach among lower secondary school students. Social Psychology of Education. 27, 435–459.
  31. [31]Bernard, R.M., Borokhovski, E., Schmid, R.F., et al., 2014. A meta-analysis of blended learning and technology use in higher education: From the general to the applied. Journal of Computing in Higher Education. 26, 87–122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-013-9077-3
  32. [32]Kalolo, J.F., 2016. The social influences on students’ interest in science studies in Tanzania secondary schools. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research. 4(9). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol4.iss9.585
  33. [33]Adegboyega, L.O., 2020. Influence of social media on students’ social behaviour of Students as Viewed by Primary School Teachers in Kwara State, Nigeria. Mimbar Sekolah Dasa. 7(1), 43–53.
  34. [34]Kinjaga, L.G., Oyoo, S., 2024. Peer Relationships as Correlates of Academic Achievement among form Three Students in Murang’a County, Kenya. International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS). 11(5), 43–51. Available from: https://www.ijiras.com/2024/Vol_11-Issue_5/paper_7.pdf
  35. [35]Koshuma, S.R., 2020. The Impact of Social Networking sites on Students’ Academic Performance in Zanzibar-Tanzania: A Case of the Zanzibar Journalism and Mass Media College. International Journal of Academic Management Science Research (IJAMSR). 4(5), 76–83. Available from: http://ijeais.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/5/IJAMSR200509.pdf
  36. [36]Boyden, J., 2013. "We’re not going to suffer like this in the mud": Educational aspirations, social mobility and independent child migration among populations living in poverty. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education. 43(5), 580–600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2013.821317
  37. [37]Palmer, G., Pires, A., 2005. Looking forward in East Timor: Early childhood finds a voice. International Journal of Early Childhood. 37, 29–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03165743
  38. [38]Wanka, F., Vogel, M., Grafe, N., et al., 2025. Leisure activities of adolescents—Associations with demographic characteristics, well-being and parental leisure engagement. Pediatric Research. 98(2), 559–567. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-025-03866-9
  39. [39]Kohlberg, L., 1981. Essays on Moral Development. Harper & Row: San Francisco, CA, USA.
  40. [40]Rest, J.R., Narvaez, D. (Eds.), 2018. Moral Development in the Professions: Psychology and Applied Ethics. Psychology Press: New York, NY, USA.
  41. [41]Creswell, J.W., Guetterman, T.C., 2024. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research, 7th ed. Pearson: Hoboken, NJ, USA.

How to Cite

Anastazia Kiliani, Prospery Mwansa Mwila. The Impact of Socio-Cultural Practices on Girls' Learning Experiences: A Case of Public Secondary Schools in Kisarawe District, Tanzania. Journal of Education and Learning Environments. 11 August 2026. https://doi.org/10.55121/jele.v2i2.102182
Citation formats

Copyright & License

Copyright © 2026 Anastazia Kiliani, Prospery Mwansa Mwila. Published by Japan Bilingual Publishing Co..

Article Metrics

432Abstract views
252Downloads