Application of Smart Materials in Enhancing the Resilience of Urban Infrastructure: A Comprehensive Review and Case Analysis

Abstract

With the increasing frequency of extreme weather events and urbanization challenges, enhancing the resilience of urban infrastructure has become a critical global priority. Smart materials, with their unique self-sensing, self-healing, and adaptive properties, offer innovative solutions to improve the performance and durability of urban infrastructure systems. This study provides a comprehensive review of the application of typical smart materials (e.g., shape memory alloys, self-healing polymers, piezoelectric materials, and conductive composites) in urban infrastructure, including transportation, water supply, and energy systems. The mechanisms of smart materials in enhancing infrastructure resilience are analyzed, and representative case studies from different regions are presented. Additionally, the current challenges, including high cost, material compatibility, and long-term durability, are discussed. Finally, future research directions and policy implications for promoting the widespread application of smart materials in urban infrastructure are proposed. This study aims to provide a theoretical and practical reference for urban planners, engineers, and policymakers in improving urban infrastructure resilience.

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