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Open AccessPublished: 26 October 2026
Open AccessPublished: 26 October 2026Investigation into the Acquisition of Pakistani English Adjective Sequence by ESL Learners: A Pilot Study
Linguistic Exploration · 118–127 · 10.55121/le.v3i2.101905
This study investigated the impact of first language (L1) transfer on learning English adjective order among Urdu ESL learners. In English, adjective order is rigid, typically in the sequence opinion, size, age, shape, colour, origin, material, and purpose, i.e., a white lovely German car or a beautiful big wooden table. Therefo
ArticleOpen AccessPublished: 20 October 2026
Open AccessPublished: 20 October 2026Reconceptualizing the Philosophy of Penal Legitimacy: Human Dignity and an Integrated Theory of Criminal Justice
Philosophy and Realistic Reflection · 29–45 · 10.55121/prr.v4i1.103283
Criminal punishment represents an ongoing challenge to normative justification because it involves the state’s use of coercive power against people who are believed to be guilty of misconduct. This study explores how the concepts of retributivism, consequentialism, communicativeness, restitution, rehabilitation, dignity-based me
ArticleOpen AccessPublished: 20 October 2026
Open AccessPublished: 20 October 2026A Comparative Study of Kiswahili Dialects: A Case of Standard Kiswahili, Kitumbatu and Kimakunduchi from a Historical Perspective
Linguistic Exploration · 1-19 · 10.55121/le.v4i1.101583
This study explores the three dialects of Kiswahili, including Standard Kiswahili, spoken throughout Tanzania, and Kitumbatu and Kimakunduchi, spoken in Zanzibar, through a comparative linguistic analysis. The paper aims to examine the differences among the three dialects, addressing a gap in comparative research on their phonol
ArticleOpen AccessPublished: 19 October 2026
Open AccessPublished: 19 October 2026Sound Patterns in the Compound Words in Runyamigongo Dialect of Runyambo
Linguistic Exploration · 168–186 · 10.55121/le.v3i2.101967
This paper presents the phonological alterations involved in the formation of compound words in the Runyambo language. Runyambo is a Bantu language spoken in the northwestern part of Tanzania. Compounding is a rich morphological process that has been reported in different languages of the world. Despite the extensive body of res
ArticleOpen AccessPublished: 18 October 2026
Open AccessPublished: 18 October 2026The Status Quo of Language and Gender in the Urban Informal Economic Spaces in Zambia
Linguistic Exploration · 156–167 · 10.55121/le.v3i2.102118
The informal economy has become a lifeline for urban populations in Zambia, particularly in cities like Lusaka and Ndola. The growth is a direct response to widespread economic hardships and significant rural-urban migration. Within this vibrant sector, the intersection of language and gender remains a critically understudied ar
ArticleOpen AccessPublished: 18 October 2026
Open AccessPublished: 18 October 2026The Ontology of Growth Mindset: A Cross-Cultural Philosophical Synthesis of Carol S. Dweck’s Empirical Psychology and Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s Theological Epistemology
Philosophy and Realistic Reflection · 1–28 · 10.55121/prr.v4i1.101552
Since its conceptualisation in modern cognitive psychology, the growth mindset paradigm has profoundly shaped academic discourses on human cognitive malleability and existential self-transformation. However, its prevailing secular framing often lacks ontological depth regarding human agency. This article undertakes a cross-cultu
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Volume 4 Issue 1