Multidimensional Impacts of Urbanization on Economic and Social Development in the Asia-Pacific Region

Abstract

This study explores the multidimensional impacts of urbanization on economic and social development across 25 economies in the Asia-Pacific region from 2018 to 2023. Using panel data regression and spatial analysis, it finds that intermediate urbanization (50%-70%) correlates with 12%-15% higher GDP per capita, but excessive urbanization (>80%) exacerbates income inequality (Gini coefficient +0.03-0.05). It also identifies policy interventions (e.g., affordable housing, green infrastructure) that mitigate social exclusion and environmental degradation.