Originality, Plagiarism, and Redundant Publication

All submissions must be original and must not have been published previously or be under consideration for publication elsewhere.

The journal does not accept:

- Plagiarism: Using another person's words, ideas, data, or work without appropriate acknowledgment.

- Self-plagiarism: Reusing substantial portions of one's previously published work without proper citation, disclosure, or justification.

- Duplicate publication: Publishing substantially the same research or findings in more than one publication without appropriate disclosure and justification.

- Data fabrication:  Inventing data, participants, research materials, results, or references.

- Data falsification: Manipulating research data, procedures, or results in a misleading manner.

- Improper citation practices: Inserting irrelevant references, manipulating citation patterns, or engaging in coercive or excessive citation practices.

- Misrepresentation: Presenting the work, qualifications, research procedures, or findings inaccurately.

All submissions may undergo similarity screening and editorial assessment. Similarity reports are evaluated in context, considering the nature, extent, and location of matching material. A similarity percentage alone does not establish plagiarism or determine the editorial outcome.

Authors may be asked to provide original data, research records, source materials, or explanations where concerns arise.

Depending on the circumstances and seriousness of the issue, the journal may request revisions, reject the manuscript, suspend the review process, or initiate a research integrity investigation in accordance with relevant COPE guidance.