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436 articles
ArticleOpen AccessPublished: 26 October 2026

Investigation into the Acquisition of Pakistani English Adjective Sequence by ESL Learners: A Pilot Study

Laila Ali Mir, Abdul Malik Abbasi

Linguistic Exploration · 118–127 · 10.55121/le.v3i2.101905

This study investigated the impact of first language (L1) transfer on learning English adjective order among Urdu ESL learners. In English, adjective order is rigid, typically in the sequence opinion, size, age, shape, colour, origin, material, and purpose, i.e., a white lovely German car or a beautiful big wooden table. Therefo

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ArticleOpen AccessPublished: 20 October 2026

Reconceptualizing the Philosophy of Penal Legitimacy: Human Dignity and an Integrated Theory of Criminal Justice

Md Sohel Rana

Philosophy and Realistic Reflection · 29–45 · 10.55121/prr.v4i1.103283

Criminal punishment represents an ongoing challenge to normative justification because it involves the state’s use of coercive power against people who are believed to be guilty of misconduct. This study explores how the concepts of retributivism, consequentialism, communicativeness, restitution, rehabilitation, dignity-based me

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ArticleOpen AccessPublished: 20 October 2026

A Comparative Study of Kiswahili Dialects: A Case of Standard Kiswahili, Kitumbatu and Kimakunduchi from a Historical Perspective

Lea Mpobela, Kombo Ally Yussuf

Linguistic Exploration · 1-19 · 10.55121/le.v4i1.101583

This study explores the three dialects of Kiswahili, including Standard Kiswahili, spoken throughout Tanzania, and Kitumbatu and Kimakunduchi, spoken in Zanzibar, through a comparative linguistic analysis. The paper aims to examine the differences among the three dialects, addressing a gap in comparative research on their phonol

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ArticleOpen AccessPublished: 19 October 2026

Sound Patterns in the Compound Words in Runyamigongo Dialect of Runyambo

Lea Mpobela

Linguistic Exploration · 168–186 · 10.55121/le.v3i2.101967

This paper presents the phonological alterations involved in the formation of compound words in the Runyambo language. Runyambo is a Bantu language spoken in the northwestern part of Tanzania. Compounding is a rich morphological process that has been reported in different languages of the world. Despite the extensive body of res

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ArticleOpen AccessPublished: 18 October 2026

The Status Quo of Language and Gender in the Urban Informal Economic Spaces in Zambia

Pethias Siame, Raphael Prince Akeem Chisenga

Linguistic Exploration · 156–167 · 10.55121/le.v3i2.102118

The informal economy has become a lifeline for urban populations in Zambia, particularly in cities like Lusaka and Ndola. The growth is a direct response to widespread economic hardships and significant rural-urban migration. Within this vibrant sector, the intersection of language and gender remains a critically understudied ar

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ArticleOpen AccessPublished: 18 October 2026

The Ontology of Growth Mindset: A Cross-Cultural Philosophical Synthesis of Carol S. Dweck’s Empirical Psychology and Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s Theological Epistemology

Piet Hizbullah Khaidir, Revoluna Zyde Khaidir, Azhar Ibrahim Alwee, Anis Ulfiyatin, Andri Nirwana

Philosophy and Realistic Reflection · 1–28 · 10.55121/prr.v4i1.101552

Since its conceptualisation in modern cognitive psychology, the growth mindset paradigm has profoundly shaped academic discourses on human cognitive malleability and existential self-transformation. However, its prevailing secular framing often lacks ontological depth regarding human agency. This article undertakes a cross-cultu

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ArticleOpen AccessPublished: 15 October 2026

A Socio-Semantic Analysis of Selected Anthroponyms in the Mambwe Language

Moses Musonda, Kennedy N. Kangwa, Pethias Siame

Linguistic Exploration · 144–155 · 10.55121/le.v3i2.101539

Names serve as fundamental markers of human identity, encapsulating a wealth of socio-cultural information. This study presents a socio-semantic analysis of selected Mambwe anthroponyms from the Mbala district in Zambia's Northern Province. Employing a qualitative methodology with purposive and snowball sampling, data were gathe

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ArticleOpen AccessPublished: 12 October 2026

Self-Reported and Family Members’ Perceptions of Language Strengths in Autistic Individuals: A Qualitative Study in Finland

Grace Joplin Ferreira, Mari Wiklund, Henri Pesonen

Linguistic Exploration · 128–143 · 10.55121/le.v3i2.101989

Traditionally, language research on Autism has centred on deficits and difficulties, with much of the literature emphasizing what autistic individuals cannot do rather than identifying the full spectrum of their linguistic strengths and diverse communication styles. Despite recent growing awareness, the wide range of linguistic

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ArticleOpen AccessPublished: 10 October 2026

The Definition of Bodily-Death as the Activation of the Human Psyche

Jock Matthew Agai

Philosophy and Realistic Reflection · 176–187 · 10.55121/prr.v3i2.101893

Whenever an individual is declared brain-death, there is at that point no medical evidence to proof that the deceased still lives, resulting in the burial or the preservation of the corpse. With the rise of parapsychology and quantum mechanics, the evidence to proof that the human life ends at death is gradually becoming doubtab

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ArticleOpen AccessPublished: 9 October 2026

The Age of Machines: Anders on Work, Alienation and Promethean Gap

Federico Monaro

Philosophy and Realistic Reflection · 163–175 · 10.55121/prr.v3i2.101941

This article examines Günther Anders’s critical reflection on the human condition in technological modernity, focusing on the central concepts of the “obsolescence of man” and the Promethean Gap. The latter describes the widening disproportion between the productive power of machines and the limited cognitive, moral, and imagina

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