Rapid population growth and intensified human activities such as mining operations, industrial discharge, ore smelting, fossil fuel combustion—particularly coal—along with the agricultural use of arsenic-contaminated water, pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers have significantly compromised freshwater resources intended for human use. Urban wastewater is characterized by the presence of numerous contaminants that pose toxicity risks to bot... more

Urban sprawl refers to the expansion of cities towards the countryside, associated with developed infrastructure facilities and transportation networks. Thus, this study aims to analyze the geospatial patterns/dynamics of the urban sprawl, examine the temporal patterns/dynamics of the urban sprawl, and investigate the causative factors of the urban sprawl in the Homagama Divisional Secretariat Division... more

Rapid urbanization across the Global South has led to a substantial decline in urban vegetation, increasing the exposure of cities to climate-related hazards. In Sub-Saharan Africa, this trend has heightened vulnerability to extreme weather events, particularly windstorms. Bauchi, a fast-growing city in Nigeria, has recently experienced severe and recurring windstorm damage, raising concerns about the... more