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2026 Vol.3 No.1 cover

Open Access · 2026

2026 Vol.3 No.1


Food and Drug Safety

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Table of Contents

10 articles
ReviewOpen AccessPublished: 5 December 2025

Ecotoxicity of Petrogenic Plastic Particles in Fish: Implication for Human Health and Environmental Risk Assessment

Bwala Mathias Nzitiri, Gaya Abalis Ezra, Nayaya Ahmad Jibrin, Buba Toma

Food and Drug Safety · 1-16 · 10.55121/fds.v3i1.700

Petrogenic plastics might fragment within the ecosystems into progressively smaller fragments classified by size as “macroplastics”, “mesoplastics”, “microplastics”, and “nanoplastics”. Petrogenic micro and nano plastics (MNPs) are ubiquitous in the ecosystems and form as a result of the ageing or the action of prevailing bio-en

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ReviewOpen AccessPublished: 9 December 2025

Over-the-Counter Drugs: Misuse and Safety Implications

Alejandro Borrego-Ruiz

Food and Drug Safety · 17-41 · 10.55121/fds.v3i1.780

Although over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are regarded as relatively safe and effective for self-treatment, their growing prevalence and accessibility raise concerns about misuse, addiction, and adverse health consequences. This narrative review provides a current overview of OTC drugs with misuse potential and their associated safe

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ReviewOpen AccessPublished: 13 December 2025

Therapeutic Effects of Natural Products in Diabetic Retinopathy through Aldose Reductase Inhibition

Deokho Lee, Livio Vitiello

Food and Drug Safety · 42-50 · 10.55121/fds.v3i1.846

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most dangerous and cruel microvascular complications of diabetes, leading to visual impairment and blindness if left untreated. The development of DR is determined by complex multiple pathologic mechanisms, including oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, retinal vascular dysfunction, and

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ReviewOpen AccessPublished: 16 December 2025

Bioactive Compounds of Capsicum Species and Their Therapeutic Properties: A Comprehensive Review

Behzad Mohammadi

Food and Drug Safety · 51-63 · 10.55121/fds.v3i1.838

Hot peppers, belonging to the Capsicum genus, are cultivated worldwide not only as spices and vegetables but also as valuable sources of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. These plants contain a wide range of biologically active molecules, including capsaicinoids, capsinoids, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, vit

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ArticleOpen AccessPublished: 21 December 2025

Comparison of the Loading of Lactoferrin Extracted from Camel Milk on Pectin and Chitosan Nanoparticles

Saeid Zibaee, Somayeh Deljoo Aval, Shiva Soleimani, Nilofar Shakibapour

Food and Drug Safety · 64-76 · 10.55121/fds.v3i1.943

Lactoferrin is a bioactive ingredient that is sensitive to environmental stresses and needs the use of microencapsulation, notwithstanding all the biological activities and effects it exerts. Pectin is a polysaccharide that acts as an anion for ion–ion interactions. Chitosan is a biodegradable and nontoxic material. In this stud

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ReviewOpen AccessPublished: 1 January 2026

Food Packaging Materials: Risks of Contamination

Nabila Bouhadi, Lilya Boudriche, Nora Ghaliaoui, Ouahiba Nait Abderrahmane

Food and Drug Safety · 77-87 · 10.55121/fds.v3i1.892

Food packaging performs multiple essential functions: it protects, preserves, contains, markets, stores, and facilitates the transport of food products. Throughout the food supply chain, packaging plays a critical role in maintaining food quality, safety, and shelf life. Growing consumer expectations and evolving market trends h

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ReviewOpen AccessPublished: 5 January 2026

Biochemical and Microbiological Safety Risks in Salted Fish Products: A Review

Mario Nosić

Food and Drug Safety · 88-102 · 10.55121/fds.v3i1.1082

Salting is one of the most widely used fish processing methods, although fish prepared in such a way is exposed to many biochemical changes. There is still insufficient information on the mechanisms of reactions that occur during salting, so the process is still conducted on an experimental basis. Sodium chloride (NaCl) reduces

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ArticleOpen AccessPublished: 10 January 2026

Barrel Medic Bloom Extract: A Natural Aid against Breast Cancer

Raghad Salman Mouhamad

Food and Drug Safety · 103-113 · 10.55121/fds.v3i1.935

Breast cancer continues to be the foremost cause of cancer-related deaths among women globally. Medicago truncatula (Barrel medic) is acknowledged as a herbaceous plant possessing significant therapeutic and anticancer properties. The investigation examined the cytotoxic and inhibitory effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts p

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ArticleOpen AccessPublished: 12 January 2026

Toxic Plant Metabolites, Cyanogenic Glycosides, Poisoning Mechanisms, Health Risks, and Analytical Method Development for Detecting Toxicants in Food

Saurabh Dilip Bhandare, Sarika Shivaji Malode

Food and Drug Safety · 114-146 · 10.55121/fds.v3i1.1019

This study presents a novel robust titrimetric analysis method for detection and quantification of cyanide in food samples artificially spiked with cyanogenic compounds derived from bamboo and cassava species. The titration approach demonstrated a strong linear correlation between cyanide concentration and the volume of titrant

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ArticleOpen AccessPublished: 15 January 2026

Molecular Identification of Organisms from Bread Mold

Glory Mendie Donatus, Sobomate Chuku, Keayiabarido Jude, Miracle Uzoma, Emmanuel Bakpo, Aroloye Numbere

Food and Drug Safety · 147-161 · 10.55121/fds.v3i1.877

The study focused on the molecular identification of organisms associated with bread mold with the aim of isolating, characterizing, and accurately identifying fungal contaminants responsible for bread spoilage. One gram (1 g) of a contaminated bread sample was serially diluted and cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). The pur

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