Topic management plays a crucial role in the smooth and coherent flow of natural conversations, particularly in second language (L2) interactions where learners must navigate not only linguistic forms but also complex interactional structures. This study examines the interactional practices and sequential structures deployed by Chinese L2 learners across three proficiency levels to initiate, develop,... more

Analysis of the vocabulary preferences of a writer provides remarkable evidence for their ideology, aesthetic awareness, and stylistic uniqueness. The current article compares lexical preference, with emphasis on sensory and abstract nouns, in the writings of the French Surrealist poet Paul Éluard and the modern Persian poet Ahmad Shamlou. The main body of work by... more

This study investigates the strategic use of discourse markers (DMs) in Imran Khan’s political speeches through a pragmatic lens, aiming to uncover how language functions to construct ideological narratives. The study utilized a qualitative discourse-pragmatic approach to analyse ten speeches by one of the political leaders from 2013 to 2022, chosen for their structure, rhetoric,... more

Phonological variations among dialects of a language serve as a significant indicator of linguistic diversity and socio-cultural evolution. This study investigates the phonological differences among three primary Sindhi dialects—Lari, Vicholi, and Utraadi through a qualitative and comparative linguistic analysis. To capture the richness and complexity of phonological variations, the study employed a combination of semi-structured... more

This study investigated the impact of first language (L1) transfer on learning English adjective order among Urdu ESL learners. In English, adjective order is rigid, typically in the sequence opinion, size, age, shape, colour, origin, material, and purpose, i.e., a white lovely German car or a beautiful big wooden table. Therefore, languages like Urdu follow... more